Understanding the Local Chickens
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The local or village chickens are the commonly known domestic
fowls, found scavenging around the vicinities of rural communities in most
African countries. They account for the majority of poultry products in
African. The local chicken flocks usually comprise between 5 - 20 birds kept
by one family . They are most often managed by the women which provide
them with an independent source of income.
The village chicken production system in rural areas has been
ridiculed because of the low biological productivity (egg and meat) relative to
the commercial/industrial poultry production system . Therefore,
most poultry improvement programmes in African in the past years were
directed toward introduction of specialised or exotic breeds, cross breeding
and management intensification.
Although there has been measurable improvements in eggs and
poultry meat production, village chicken production system dominate in the
rural areas. High mortality of introduced breeds, low feed resources
and lack of understanding of the complex biological and socio economic
relationships have limited success of most of the programmes. The village
chicken production system deserves to be considered on its own merit, where
small investments can produce good returns. A system that is not only viable
but sustainable. Also the positive impact of local chicken production on rural
household nutritional status is well recognised. It is known that a broody hen
that produces 60 eggs and 2-3 slaughter birds per year can provide 4kg meat
per caput which is significantly higher than the annual protein consumption in
the rural areas. The predominance of local chickens in the African poultry
industry is a good indicator that these fowls deserve more attention for
improved performance.
Local Chickens are omnivorous, living on seeds, insects, worms,
leaves, green grassed and kitchen scraps. The village hen lays a dozen eggs,
takes 3 weeks to hatch out a brood of chicks, stays with the chicks six weeks or
more, and only then starts laying again. The scavenger hen can begin to lay at
about 6 months of age. The average weight of the egg is approximately 40gm..
These passive gregarious birds have pronounced social (pecking)
order . If acclimatised, they remain on the premises and are unlikely to go
feral. If given a tittle evening meal of “Scratch” they learn to come back home
to roost at night.
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